COURSE SYLLABUS
This page has been updated for Spring 2008

Contents:
Quick
Facts
Time and Place: 2:30-3:20
MWF, Squires Recital Salon
Instructor: Prof. John R. Howell
Office: 157 Squires (Ground Floor, Music Wing)
Office Hours: E-mail 24 hours a day: John.Howell@vt.edu. In person by appointment.
Email for appointment.
Telephone: Office 231-8411; Department 231-5685; Home 953-1928.
(Please do not call at home unless it is really necessary.)
Course
Objectives
Students successfully completing
Music 2116 will understand the historical processes through which musical styles
begin, grow, mature, and decline; will be able to recognize and identify the elements
that define specific styles of Western Art Music and Popular Music in the 18th,
19th, and 20th centuries; will understand and be able to use the terminology associated
with each style period; and will be familiar with the contributions of important
individuals active in specific styles and style periods.
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Course
Specifics
1. This
is a history
course, the subject
matter of which is the art music ("classical" music) of Europe and later America
from the mid-18th century to the present day, plus the development of American
popular music, jazz, and musical theater. (The companion course, MUS 2115, covers
the art music of Europe from Classical Greece to about 1750.) The two courses
may be taken in either order, or either may be taken separately. The ability to
read music, while helpful, is not a prerequisite for this course.
2. This course satisfies Core Curriculum requirements in either (but not both) Area 2 or Area 6, but not if it is audited or taken Pass/Fail. It does not satisfy graduation requirements in Music History for Music Majors, but may satisfy Core Curriculum requirements as an elective. It is a required course for Music Minors. Please refer to the way this course addresses specific Core Curriculum goals at the end of this Syllabus.
3. This course is taught under the tradition and procedures of the University Honor Code. ( Find it at <http://www.honorsystem.vt.edu/constitution.html>.) Cheating and plagiarism are unacceptable at this university and in this course, and suspected or proven instances will be turned over to the Student Honor Court for investigation and resolution.Turning in written work or opscan answer sheets is deemed to be acceptance of the Honor Pledge. All students are asked and foreign students are required to read this article explaining what is expected in research papers at North American Universities.. Use of PDAs, cellphones, text messaging or camera phones during a Unit Quiz or Final Exam will be considered prima facie evidence of cheating and will result in a doubly-weighted zero for that Quiz or Exam, subject to the recommendation of the Student Honor Court.
4. There will be both reading and listening assignments to prepare for almost every class, depending on which Grading Option the student contracts for (see Evaluation and Grading). In addition, all students are expected to attend and submit a written review of one concert of classical ("art") music.
5. Regular class attendance is expected, depending on the Grading Option the student contracts for (See Evaluation and Grading below). Announcements made in class apply to all students. Missed assignments and quizzes may not be made up unless absence is excused by the instructor in advance, or unless serious illness or family emergency is supported by a doctor's note or similar document. Tours by Music Department ensembles, travel on official university business, and travel for professional reasons are excused if arrangements are made in advance. Travel by varsity or club sports teams are excused if arrangements are made in advance and a memo from the coach is received by the Instructor. Absences for specific religious holidays are excused if arrangements are made in advance. Contact the instructor in advance either in person, by e-mail, or by voicemail.
6. Students are required to have an e-mail account and to provide the instructor with an e-mail address no later than the second Wednesday of class if the account is not active at the beginning of the semester. This is especially important if students are not using the university-assigned email address, which the instructor will use unless told otherwise. Quiz grades, class announcements, comments, and changes in assignments or due dates will be distributed on the class e-mail list, and questions or comments may be sent to the instructor at any time and will be answered as quickly as possible. Always put 2116 and nothing else as the "Subject" line so the instructor can identify class posts and deal with them immediately. Always include a signature with your own full name. DO NOT SEND EMAIL AS HTML CODE!! Plain Text is the only universal standard for email. If you use your browser for email, you may need to reset it for Plain Text. Please do not scan documents and email them to me; they take too much time to deal with and will be ignored.
7. Students are also required to have Internet access. The instructor's homepage can be found at <http://www.music.vt.edu/people/faculty/howell/howell.html>. The course Homepage can be found at <http://www.music.vt.edu/people/faculty/howell/2116/2116Documents.html>. This Syllabus, the Course Calendar giving all assignments and Quiz dates, details on the Writing Assignments, Index of Recordings, Chapter Outlines, links to concert schedules at Virginia Tech and Radford University, and other study aids for this course will only be available at this Website. They will not be handed out on paper.
8. Some quizzes and some helpful study material will be found not on this class website, but on Blackboard 7.1, a web-based class management system. Additional details are available on the Blackboard page.
9. Written assignments must be submitted electronically, as email attachments, and are on time if they are sent by 11:59:59 p.m. on the date due. This way I will always have an electronic copy of your papers. For email attachments use a standard word processing file like Microsoft Word or WordPerfect. Some other file formats cannot be opened, and may even crash the instructor's machine. Because of the prevalence of viruses, a file that does not show a standard word processing icon will not be opened and will not be read or graded. In case of doubt, save your file in RTF format before sending. ALWAYS include your last name as part of the filename, and always include a heading including your name in the body of the paper itself. Files that cannot be identified cannot be graded. If you use Word 2007 for Windows, save your files in the older, .doc format by saving them as Word 2003 files.
Save your files for all work turned in. If it should happen that an assignment is damaged or misplaced, be prepared to provide a new copy. Never wipe your computer files for a course until you absolutely know that you have been credited with everything you have earned.
10. There is no midterm exam. There will be Quizzes on Terms and Listening assignments (on Blackboard) for each chapter, depending on the Grading Option contracted by the student. There will be five Unit Quizes (given in class) covering one or two chapters each, including the identification of Listening examples, with multiple-choice questions. There will be a comprehensive final exam covering Listening identifications (multiple choice; required of everyone), and your choice of Term identifications (multiple choice), or Essay questions (which will be provided ahead of time but must be written during the exam). An alternate final exam time is freely available without hassles or paperwork. See below for Grading Options, and see the Final Exam page for additional information.
Additional study aids that will be available on Blackboard include copies of the class PowerPoint presentations, duplicates of which can be downloaded and printed as Handouts and brought to class, and probably additional things added during the semester. (Blackboard thinks it's running the class, but it isn't, so ignore its grade averages and such. I transfer the scores that count into my gradesheet.)
11. Any students who need special consideration because of disabilities should email the instructor with this information and furnish the instructor with a copy of the university form. The instructor will do whatever is necessary and possible to accomodate such students.
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The way a student's work is evaluated depends on which of the Grading Options below the student chooses. These are designed to allow students to choose the learning activities they find most effective and to choose the degree of class preparation and participation they are willing to put in. Each student is required to email the instructor with a choice of options by the second Wednesday of the semester, and those emails will be kept in case of any question. There will be one, and only one, opportunity to change options, again by email, during the week following Unit Quiz 1. The student's choice is a contract between the student and the Department of Music. Regular class attendance will increase the student's ability to score well on Unit Quizzes and the Final Exam. Class attendance and preparation for Chapter Terms and Listening Quizzes is expected under Option 2 and Option 3, and can be expected to increase the student's learning and exam scores. Any student who does not make a choice will automatically be assigned a contract under Option 1. Additional information will be found on the Blackboard page.
Please note that under each Option, the Unit Quizzes count far more than the Final Exam.
Five Unit Quizzes 60% of Final Grade Final Exam 30% of Final Grade Concert Review 10% of Final Grade 100%
Option 2: "Hedge your bets"
Five Unit Quizzes 50% of Final Grade Final Exam 25% of Final Grade Chapter Terms & Listening
Quizzes (on Blackboard) 15% of Final Grade Concert Review 10% of Final Grade 100%
Option 3: "Play it safe"
Five Unit Quizzes 45% of Final Grade Final Exam 20% of Final Grade Chapter Terms & Listening
Quizzes (on Blackboard) 15% of Final Grade Concert Review 10% of Final Grade 2 additional Written
Assignments (Reviews or Papers) 10% of Final Grade (5%
each) 100%
2. Extra Credit available for all three Options:
| Introductory Unit Quiz (before 23:55 Tue Jan 22; on Blackboard) |
Up to 3% added to Final Grade |
| "Rules" Quiz on the 2116 Rules Web Page (before 23:55 Wed Jan 30; on Blackboard) |
Up to 3% added to Final Grade |
| Pre-Review Assignment (before 23:55 Mon Jan 28; by email) |
2% added to Final Grade |
| Bonus for Reviews turned in by "Very Early" date (Wed Feb 20) |
15% added to Score for Assignment |
| Bonus for Reviews turned in by "Early" date (Wed Mar 19) |
10% added to Score for Assignment |
3. Grade Percentage Scale:
Some items treated as opportunities for Extra Credit in past years have now been incorporated into the three available Options. To offset this, the Grade Percentages below have been adjusted downward slightly. Grades are earned, not assigned. They are never curved and they are never "rounded up." Decide what grade you want and work for it from the first week of class, and don't ignore the extra credit opportunities.
| |
97 - 100% |
|
86- 88.99% |
|
74 - 77.99% |
|
62 - 65.99% |
|
0.00 - 53.99% |
| |
93 - 96.99% |
|
82 - 85.99% |
|
70 - 73.99% |
|
58 - 61.59% |
||
| |
89 - 92.99% |
|
78 - 81.99% |
|
66 - 69.99% |
|
54 - 57.99% |
Most problems can be solved. Questions? Ask!
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Required Text: Stolba, K Marie. The Development of Western Music: A History. 3rd edition. McGraw-Hill, 1998. (The "blue" book, hard cover, used for both 2115 & 2116. On reserve in the Library. Previous editions are no longer used.)
Required Recordings:
Recorded Examples to Accompany The Development of Western Music: An Anthology,
Volume II (Pre-Classic through the 20th Century), 3rd ed. McGraw-Hill, 1998.
Also on reserve in the Library. (Previous editions are no longer used.)
Anthology of
Musical Scores to accompany
the recordings, required for music minors,
optional for others:
Stolba, K Marie (ed). The Development of Western Music: An Anthology.
3rd ed. Volume II (Pre-Classic through 20th Century). McGraw-Hill, 1998. Also
on reserve in the Library. (Previous editions are no longer used.)
Reference Materials:
Grun, Bernard. The Timetables of History: A Horizontal Linkage of People
and Events. New, updated ed. New York: A Touchstone Book published by Simon
and Schuster, 1979. (Library Reference Room)
Hacker, Diana. A Writer's Reference. 2nd ed. Boston: Bedford Books of St. Martin's Press, 1992. (Or whichever style manual is currently used in Tech English Courses.)
New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians and The New Harvard Dictionary of Music (Library Reference Room)
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Core
Curriculum Goals
This course addresses selected
goals in Area 2 and Area 6 of the University Core Curriculum in the following
manner.
Area
2 Goals
Goal #1: Examine some of
the formative ideas and cultural traditions that have shaped Western experience.
The importance of musical ideas and traditions in illuminating the formative
ideas and cultural traditions of each historical period are examined.
Goal #2: Study classic and contemporary texts that have influenced or exemplified currents in Western thought and imagination. "Texts" will be studied in two different senses, both the musical texts that transmit to us the musical works which influenced currents in Western society and the literary texts about music which help us interpret those influences.
Goal #3: Gain an understanding of some aspects of human achievement and experience that have been persistently overlooked in mainstream Western culture, including those of women, minorities, and non-Western peoples. The contributions of women and minorities to musical achievement have long been overlooked, and will be addressed both by selection of a text which includes those achievements and through emphasis on those achievements in lectures. Non-Western music is not covered in this course.
Goal #4: Analyze creative works of various mediums both in the arts and technology from the viewpoints of cultural meanings and influence. Intrinsic to the art of music are the instruments used to produce or accompany that music. The changes in musical instruments, in the technologies of designing and making them, and in the way they were used as part of the creative process of performance in different historical periods are examined.
Goal #5: Gain acquaintance with historical traditions and with humanistic methods of studying and interpreting them. The development and change in historical traditions in music is a core concept in this course, and the contrast among the humanistic attitudes of the Renaissance, the influences of the Enlightenment on Baroque and Classical musical traditions, and the influences of the Romantic movement are discussed, and students have the option of writing papers covering these subjects.
Goal #6: Consider the contributions of philosophical, ethical, or religious systems to human life. A very large proportion of the music that has survived into modern times was conceived and intended for use in religious contexts. The philosophy of Nationalism in the 19th century had profound effects on music well into the 20th. Both are discussed.
Goal #7: Recognize how the interaction of tradition and innovation nourishes both individuality and community. Two thousand years of musical development and change is the direct result of constant interaction between traditional concepts and musical forms and innovative concepts and musical forms, and examination of both the musical communities that defined historical style periods and the individuals whose innovations led to changes in style is a core concept for this course.
Goal #8: Gain critical and appreciative perspective upon one's own culture by studying other historical periods and other cultural traditions. Listening to and studying music totally unlike what one is familiar with will lead to discussion of how to critique and appreciate unfamiliar musics and place them in historical and cultural perspective as precursors to the music of today.
Goal #9: Study the life, thought, and creative activity of men and women of achievement in various fields of human endeavor. The life, thought, and creativity of men and women of achievement and influence in the field of music in each historical period is a core concept for this course.
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Area
6 Goals
Goal #1:
Participate in cultural events and activities on campus, in both popular
and classical arts. Attendance at a minimum of one on-campus concert and
writing of a carefully considered review of that concert is required. This concert
must contain classical music, but may also include popular music. Attendance
at additional concerts, either classical or popular, is encouraged, and students
have the option of writing additional Concert Reviews.
Goal #2: Understand how the artists or designers who produce these events and works have shaped their ideas. The social, political, economic and religious influences on the composers of each historical period are examined in detail.
Goal #3: Examine intuitive and metaphorical thought processes and their relationship to the human imagination and other intellectual abilities. The way in which our intuition causes us to interpret the music of the past in new ways are considered, and the extent to which composers of various historical periods used musical metaphor in the form of text painting or tone painting are examined.
Goal #4: Explore the interaction of art and society, including the contributions of diverse groups to cultural life, such as women and members of minority groups. The interaction of music and society and the interaction of music with other arts in each historical period are core concepts in this course, and the contributions of women, minorities, and members of different national and linguistic groups are examined.
Goal #5: Study selected classic works of fine and applied arts. Selected classic musical works will be studied through listening and discussion with regard to their structure and function as well as their esthetic goals and effects.