General terms

Whole Consort--all instruments of the same family

Broken Consort--mixture of instruments of different families

Tablature--notation used for fretted instruments

Important Books

About Instruments

Sebastian Virdung, Musica getutcht, 1511 (What, why important?)

Arnolt Schlick, Spiegel der Orgelmacher und Organisten, 1511 (What, why important?)

Martin Agricola, Musica instrumentalis deudsch,1529 ff (What, why important?)

Michael Praetorius, De organographia, 1618 (What, why important?)

About How To Play

Sylvestro Ganassi, Opera intitulata Fontegara ..., 1535 (What, why important?)

Diego Ortiz, Tratado de glosas ..., 1553 (What, why important?)

Philibert Jambe de Fer, Epitome musicale des ... violes et violons, 1556 (What, why important?)

Girolamo Dalla Casa, Il vero modo di diminuir, 1584 (What, why important?)

About Dancing and Dances

Fabritio Caroso, Il ballarino, 1585 Nobiltà di dame, 1600, 1605 (What, why important?)

Thoinot Arbeau, Orchésographie, 1588 (What, why important?)

Cesare Negri, Le gratie d'amore, 1602 & Nuove inventione di balli, 1604 (What, why important?)

 

16th Century Musical Instruments

Wind instruments (almost all built in families)

Recorder --end-blown duct flute

Cornetto--woodwind instrument with brass instrument mouthpiece

Transverse flute --side-blown flute

Trumpet (natural)--still reserved for royalty or nobility

Krummhorn --double reed instrument with a windcap

Sackbutt (trombone)--tube-in-tube allows lengthening of the instrument

Shawm--loud double reed instrument

Stringed instruments (almost all built in families)

Viola da gamba (viol)

Lute (and "arch-lute")

Viola da braccio (violin, viola, cello)

Keyboard instruments (Klavier or clavier)

Clavichord

Portative organ

Regals

Harpsichord (spinet, virginals)

Positive organ (positif)

Percussion instruments

Nakers (kettledrums)

Hand drums and tambourines (tabors)

Bells

16th Century Instrumental music

Music based on vocal models

Recercar (from the motet; contrapuntal and imitative)

Canzona (from the chanson; contrapuntal, but less so)

In nomine (from the Benedictus of Taverner's Missa Gloria tibi Trinitas)

Dance music (often grouped in pairs, fast/slow)

Slow: Pavane, Passamezzo, Allemande

Fast: Galiard, Saltarello, Tourdion, Courante

Sets of variations for lute or keyboard: The Fitzwilliam Virginals Book, ms., c. 1609-1619

Improvised music: Fantasia (fancy), Prelude (toccata)

16th Century Large-scale Entertainments (leading to the development of opera & ballet)

Ballet de cour (French court)

Masque (English court)

Intermedio (Various Italian courts)

The Venetian School

Adrian Willaert -> Andrea Gabrielli (c. 1510-1586) -> Giovanni Gabrielli (c. 1553-1612)